"Just Shave It Off" A Thematic Analysis of Men’s Baldness Forums
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction
Head hair comprises a critical part of the male appearance ideal, which itself is a crucial signifier of a man’s masculinity. However, difficulties in recruitment have meant that research has not yet fully explored how men construct the loss of head hair (baldness), perhaps because it is considered “feminine” to disclose body dissatisfaction experiences to a researcher or other people.
Methods and Design
Online forums provide an opportunity for the anonymous discussion of body dissatisfaction that may overcome this obstacle. The first 260 forums posts from the two most popular baldness forums were thematically analysed.
Ethics Statement
Institutional ethics approval was granted.
Results and Discussion
We identified three themes titled: (1) Baldness is an ugly and demasculinising condition, (2) Baldness is stigmatised by a superficial society and superficial women and (3) Resistance to baldness despair. Our findings show baldness distress, and stigma exist though so does resistance, which can be comforting to men experiencing baldness or any form of body dissatisfaction.
Conclusion and Implications
Online forums are a salient resource to enhance our understanding of men’s balding concerns and disclosure barriers. Independent, professional and effective baldness support that unpacks baldness masculinised and medicalised framing is recommended.
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Article Details
How to Cite
Jankowski, G., Sherwin, M., Deighton-Smith, N., & Bell, B. T. (2021). "Just Shave It Off": A Thematic Analysis of Men’s Baldness Forums. International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health, 4(1), e54-e67. https://doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v4i1.55
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.07.010
4. Jankowski GS, Slater A, Tiggemann M, Fawkner H. The appearance potency of gay and straight men’s websites. Psychol Sex Rev. 2016;7(2):48–62.
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7. Jacobi C, Fittig E. Psychosocial risk factors for eating disorders. In: Stweart Agras W, editor. The Oxford handbook of eating disorders. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 123–36.
8. Kanayama G, Barry S, Hudson JI, Pope Jr. HG. Body image and attitudes toward male roles in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.6979.
9. Harvey K. Medicalisation, pharmaceutical promotion and the Internet: A critical multimodal discourse analysis of hair loss websites. Soc Semiot. 2013 Nov;23(5):691–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1035 0330.2013.777596
10. Frith H, Jankowski GS. Psychosocial impact of androgenetic alopecia on men: A systematic review & meta analysis [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 15]. Available from: https://osf.io/uvzp9
11. Franzoi SL, Anderson J, Frommelt S. Individual differences in men’s perceptions of and reactions to thinning hair. J Soc Psychol. 1990 Apr;130(2):209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1990.9924571
12. Kranz D. Young men’s coping with androgenetic alopecia: Acceptance counts when hair gets thinner. Body Image. 2011 Sep;8(4):343–8. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.06.006
13. Wells PA, Willmoth T. Does fortune favor the bald? Psychological correlates of hair loss in males. Br J Psychol. 1995 Aug;86(3):337. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02756.x
14. Jankowski GS, Gough B, Fawkner H, Halliwell E, Diedrichs PC. Young men’s minimisation of their body dissatisfaction. Psychol Health. 2018;33(11):1343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2018.1496251
15. Ricciardelli R. Masculinity, consumerism, and appearance: A look at men’s hair. Can Rev Sociol Can Sociol. 2011;48(2):181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.2011.01261.x
16. Adams G, Turner H, Bucks R. The experience of body dissatisfaction in men. Body Image. 2005 Sep;2(3):271– 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.05.004
17. Whitaker C, Gough B, Fawkner H, Deighton-Smith N. Young men’s body dissatisfaction: A qualitative analysis of anonymous online accounts. J Health Psychol. 2019 Feb 28;26(5):636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105319832352
18. Flynn MA, Stana A. Social support in a men’s online eating disorder forum. Int J Mens Health. 2012 Jul 1;11(2):150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.1102.150
19. Bhaskar R. A realist theory of science. 2nd ed. London:Routledge; 2008. 304 p.
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21. NHS. Hair loss [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 17]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hair-loss/
22. Hall M, Grogan S, Gough B. Bodybuilders’ accounts of synthol use: The construction of lay expertise online. J Health Psychol [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jul 6]. Available from: http://hpq.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1359105314568579
23. Hall M, Grogan S, Gough B. ‘It is safe to use if you are healthy’: A discursive analysis of men’s online accounts of ephedrine use. Psychol Health. 2015 Jul 3;30(7):770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0887044 6.2014.994632
24. British Psychological Society. Ethics guidelines for Internet-mediated research [Internet]. [cited 2017 Apr 10].. Available from: https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/ www.bps.org.uk/files/Policy/Policy%20-%20Files/Ethics%20Guidelines%20for%20Internet-mediated%20 Research%20%282017%29.pdf
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26. Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019 Aug 8;11(4):589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21596 76X.2019.162880627.
27. Griffiths S, Murray SB. Muscle dysmorphia: Clinical resentation and treatment strategies. In: Anderson LK, Murray SB, Kaye WH, editors. Clinical handbook of com-plex and atypical eating disorders [Internet]. [cited 2018 Apr 27]. Available from: http://www.oxfordclinicalpsych. com/view/10.1093/med-psych/9780190630409.001.0001/ med-9780190630409-chapter-14
28. Bordo S. Unbearable weight: Feminism, western cul-ture, and the body. 2nd ed. Berkley, CA: University of California Press; 2003.29.
29. Terry G, Braun V. “I think gorilla-like back effusions of hair are rather a turn-off”: ‘Excessive hair’ and male body hair (removal) discourse. Body Image. 2016 Jun;17:14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.01.006
30. Hamilton JB. Patterned loss of hair in man: Types and incidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1951 Mar;53(3):708–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1951.tb31971.x
31. Bacon L. Health at every size: The surprising truth about your weight [Internet]. [cited 2014 Jan 12]. Available from:http://books.google.co.uk/bookshl=en&lr=&id=Xbh5FVEW118C&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=health+at+every+size&ots=XrnoxoI 3-0&sig=Jco0t3L346gf7NBS4_BGp1FaJjw
32. Bacon L, Aphramor L. Weight science: Evaluating the evidence for a paradigm shift. Nutr J. 2011;10(9):2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-69
33. Burmeister JM, Carels RA. Weight-related humor in the media: Appreciation, distaste, and anti-fat attitudes. Psychol Pop Media Cult. 2014;3(4):223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000029
34. Sharratt ND, Jenkinson E, Moss T, Clarke A, Rum-sey N. Understandings and experiences of visible difference and romantic relationships: A qualitative exploration. Body Image. 2018 Dec;27:32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.002
35. Kranz D, Nadarevic L, Erdfelder E. Bald and bad? Exp Psychol. 2019;66(5):331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000457
36. Welsh N, Guy A. The lived experience of alopecia areata: A qualitative study. Body Image. 2009 Jun;6(3):194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.03.004
37. CALM. Hair loss. Campaign against Living Miserably [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 6]. Available from: https:// www.thecalmzone.net/help/get-help/hair-loss/
38. Draper L. Male pattern hair loss – SuperdrugTM Online Doctor [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 6]. Available from: https://onlinedoctor.superdrug.com/male-pattern-baldness.html
39. Gonul M, Cemil BC, Ayvaz HH, Cankurtaran E, Ergin C, Gurel MS. Comparison of quality of life in patients with androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. An Bras Dermatol. 2018 Sep;93(5):651–8.
http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186131
40. Tang PH, Chia HP, Cheong LL, Koh D. A community study of male androgenetic alopecia in Bishan, Singapore. Singapore Med J. 2000 May;41(5):202–5.
41. Gupta AK, Ivanova IA. Analysis of YouTube hair loss treatment information: What makes for engaging content? Dermatol Ther [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Available from:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.14244
42. Gupta AK, Ivanova IA. Hair loss treatment information on Facebook: Content analysis and comparison with other online sources. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(2):577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13830
43. Rant about Bald Truth Talk Forum [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 12]. Available from: www.reddit. com/r/malepatternbaldness/comments/1wy6nt/ rant_about_bald_truth_talk_forum/
44. Cosmeticium. Are hair transplantation reviews and comments reliable? [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 30]. Available from: https://cosmeticium.com/ are-hair-transplantation-reviews-reliable/
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